Bakerman Student Research Awardshttp://hdl.handle.net/10484/8812024-03-29T05:38:27Z2024-03-29T05:38:27ZPhonological Awareness Intervention in Bilingual Language DevelopmentBonham, Emmahttp://hdl.handle.net/10484/137392023-03-01T02:16:25Z2023-01-01T00:00:00ZPhonological Awareness Intervention in Bilingual Language Development
Bonham, Emma
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship of phonological awareness in the spelling and reading skills in bilingual language development to improve speech and language services. This study sought out to reach the research goal of understanding whether or not phonological awareness skills improve reading and spelling abilities in bilingual children.
Method: Nine universities with speech and language programs were chosen. Three of which were from the Midwest, three from the East, and the remaining three from the South. In total, eight speech language pathologists who have worked with bilingual children completed an online survey regarding their demographics, opinions, and experiences in working with this population.
Results: Overall, the speech language pathologists that have integrated phonological awareness intervention in therapy with bilingual children have noticed an improvement in spelling and reading skills. The speech language pathologists noticed these improvements in both of the child’s languages rather than in only one language. Many respondents, including those who did not target phonological awareness for reading and spelling deficits, recommended using this method with bilingual children.
Conclusion: The limited sample size created the challenge to generalize the information found to the overall population. A correlation between increased phonological awareness and improvements in spelling and reading was still found, however. Using phonological awareness intervention may be an important first step for speech language pathologists in working with bilingual children. It may be important that teachers stay informed on this intervention as well and possibly use more phonological awareness tasks in the classroom. Rhyming, segmenting, and blending are tasks that participating speech language pathologists recommend.
2023-01-01T00:00:00ZImplications of decriminalising domestic violence in Iran and KazakhstanBukova, Anastasiahttp://hdl.handle.net/10484/137382023-03-01T02:16:10Z2023-01-01T00:00:00ZImplications of decriminalising domestic violence in Iran and Kazakhstan
Bukova, Anastasia
The problem of domestic violence has unique characteristics depending on the social, religious, and political environments in which it takes place, however, it is also an issue that disregards borders and impacts both developing and developed nations. One pattern that is present among cases across the world is that domestic violence disproportionately affects women. The United Nations defines violence against women as "any act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in, physical, sexual, or mental harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private life.". This definition includes intimate partner violence or domestic violence – any behaviour that is used to gain or maintain power and control over a partner through the means of physical, sexual, or psychological violence. While the problem is still persistent in the western world, a special focus should be dedicated to domestic violence in developing nations due to their deep-rooted nature, environmental factors and larger economic impact. This paper will be focusing on domestic violence in Iran and Kazakhstan because of the absence of laws criminalising it, as well as both countries having similar cultural patterns such as the shared religion of Islam and colonial pasts. An analysis of reasons and risk factors specific to these societies is included, as well as discussions on the development’s and globalisation’s impact on the problem. This paper will be focusing on domestic violence among heterosexual couples due to the place where the abuse happens – as Iran has laws criminalizing homosexuality and Kazakhstan maintains a huge stigma surrounding such relationships, it is almost impossible to analyse violence within homosexual couples due to the lack of data and high secrecy within LGBTQ+ community in those countries. It also focuses specifically on violence inflicted on women by men due to highly patriarchal societal structures and general trends.
2023-01-01T00:00:00ZAssessments of Childhood Apraxia of Speech DisorderTeelucksingh, Emily L.http://hdl.handle.net/10484/125352022-04-26T02:11:27Z2022-01-01T00:00:00ZAssessments of Childhood Apraxia of Speech Disorder
Teelucksingh, Emily L.
Speech communication is important for every human being. Whether the communication is verbal or non-verbal, everyone goes through a specific process to formulate speech. The specific process is known as the speech chain model. As the speaker, the speech communication chain consists of six stages. These are intention, meaning, utterance, articulatory planning, articulatory production, and sound. As the listener, the speech communication chain continues with the auditory response, word sequence, meaning, and then understanding the information that was received. To put this in play, an idea or thought is formed first. The brain then assigns meanings to words and the brain categorizes those words through the mental lexicon. After those words have been assigned, the brain starts planning how to produce thoughts. The brain then sends those plans to the articulatory muscles and produces phonetic sounds to form a meaningful sentence (Denes & Pinson, 1993).
2022-01-01T00:00:00ZAn Intersection of Computational Biology and Functional Genomics to identify Transcriptional Gene Enhancers and Their Role in CancerAslam Khattak, NaureenGonser, Rusty Allenhttp://hdl.handle.net/10484/125342022-04-26T02:11:21Z2022-01-01T00:00:00ZAn Intersection of Computational Biology and Functional Genomics to identify Transcriptional Gene Enhancers and Their Role in Cancer
Aslam Khattak, Naureen; Gonser, Rusty Allen
Despite the critical role of gene regulation in cell development and differentiation, the major challenge remains to identify the cis-regulatory modules (CRMs). Mainly, these CRMs include enhancers, promoters and insulators that governs the spatiotemporal gene regulation. The gene regulatory networks are highly dependent on their CRMs and mostly consist of DNA motifs and epigenetic landmarks. The recent advancements in high-throughput sequencing techniques and comparative genomics analysis accelerate the discovery of enhancers, however the major obstacles are to identify the genome-wide location of these CRMs, their dynamic nature of interactions, and cis/trans location which could be hundred to thousands base pairs away from the target gene location. The goal of this literature review is to provide an insight into the CRMs specifically enhancers, how they modulate gene expression, mutations that converts normal cell into a disease-state such as cancer. Also, this embedded review article is focused on the use of computational strategies coupled with the biochemical assays to predict functional gene enhancers. The computational strategies such as window clustering, probabilistic modeling, phylogenetic footprinting and discriminative modeling are briefly discussed to scan and locate the putative gene enhancers. Besides theses, biochemical techniques such as ChIP-seq, DNA footprinting, and deletion mapping are briefly reviewed in Drosophila to predict functional gene enhancers and dissecting gene regulatory networks. In addition, this review article may help bench scientists to incorporate bioinformatics tools with biochemical techniques to scan, locate and verify gene enhancer regions within a cell. With best of our knowledge, this is a first-time effort to combine insilico, in vitro and in vivo techniques to explore the connections between CRMs and gene regulation.
2022-01-01T00:00:00Z