With the rise of technology has also come the development of various online language translators and artificial intelligence that are often utilized by individuals learning a second language. However, there is a wide range of quality between the different machine translation tools, and many people tend to be under the impression that it is inferior to the quality of interpretations provided by human translators. This paper considers the positives and negatives of machine translation as a tool for second language learning. Variations between the input and output languages on a grammatical and cultural level are analyzed. Machine translation is compared to techniques brought forth by human translators. Online language translator usage in and outside of the classroom setting is examined. It was concluded that cultural context is often left out of machine translation due to a tendency to translate literally from one language to another. Overall, it appeared that rather than replacing human translation with machine translation, professionals prefer to utilize a combined method called machine translation post-editing. However, second language learners are still able to use online language translation to their advantage in practice, such as in conversation with chatbots. It is also suggested that the usage of machine translation impacts professionals in a “real world” setting, such as teachers and speech-language pathologists.

African American men have been subjected to the abuse and neglect of America’s Criminal Justice System for centuries. Such subjection has made them victims of systematic racism and prejudice; however, they have been depicted as everything other than victims. Societies’ continuous rejection of them as anything other than criminal, has forced them into the confines of imprisonment. The basis of their imprisonment can be directly connected to history’s congestion of the African American community. The utilization of the prison system has become a new-found version of enslavement. Labels attached to African American men have remained consistent with America’s overcriminalization of them. Why? Answers to questions relative to the one posed will be studied beginning with the historical development of criminalizing black men post-slavery. Data tables and analysis are provided in addition, to demonstrate the racial disparities and consequences of such overcriminalization. Evaluations of the news outlet’s association with black men and criminality will also be discussed. Effects on the offspring and familial structure will also be considered and morphed into the census of continued repercussions black men are subjected to due to Americanism, and the effects on their families and vulnerability to criminality.

Parental involvement is crucial for a child's education, impacting their academic success and overall development. This research examines how parental involvement affects students' learning, social skills, behavior, and long-term success, particularly focusing on elementary school students. By analyzing varying levels of parental involvement, the study aims to identify key factors contributing to student achievement. Understanding the impact of parental involvement is essential for educators, policymakers, and parents. This research provides insights to develop effective strategies for engaging parents in education. By fostering strong partnerships between parents and schools, we can create a more supportive educational environment that benefits all students. Overall, this study aims to deepen our understanding of parental involvement and provide practical recommendations for optimizing its impact. By promoting active parental engagement, we can enhance student outcomes and create a more enriching educational experience

When a bone is broken beyond traditional repairs, medical advancements have created a new pathway for bone transplants that involves manufactured scaffolds. These scaffolds can be 3D printed to any size, and donated bone cells can be placed onto scaffolding, and regeneration of the bone will occur. This is due to the scaffold mimicking tissue structures that are naturally found in the body acting as an anchor for the bone cells. The choice of the scaffold material is important to consider in order to help the tissue heal properly while also being able to withstand damages that come with daily life. Graphene-based nanocomposites allow for flexibility in the bone; however, it is necessary to run a biocompatibility evaluation to enhance the scaffolding material and test structure properties to ensure success in treatment later. The osteoblast-like MG-63 human osteosarcoma cell line is utilized in bioengineering to test the biocompatibility of a variety of materials due to its cost and ability to behave like a healthy osteoblast. Our lab evaluated the induction of osteoblast-like activity in this cell line when introduced to different supplements. The experiments conducted reproduced similar results to past experiments, indicating that the MG-63 cell line induces the osteogenic marker alkaline phosphatase upon treatment with TGFβ and/or vitamin D supplements.

The author’s aim was to investigate the relationship between cybervictimization and depression, as well as using peer attachment and culture as moderators by giving questionnaires to 1347 participants (age range = 11-15 years) from India and the United States. Through four questionnaires, adolescents reported their levels of endorsement in either individualism or collectivism culture, levels of cybervictimization, levels of depression/depressive symptoms, and their levels of peer attachment. Adolescents reported that there is a significantly positive correlation between cybervictimization and depression. Differences were found according to culture and peer attachment, as well. Cybervictimization has begun to erupt worldwide as internet usage begins to skyrocket. It is considered to be a widespread, national issue that continues to affect the development and well being of adolescents on more levels than one and has been seen to trigger the development of depression and other maladaptive social skills among adolescents (Wei et al., 2024; Hawker, & Boulter, 2000). As the use of social media continues to increase, cybervictimization can occur more frequently among adolescents and their peers. As adolescents rely predominantly on peer engagement to develop their social skills, cybervictimization can cause adolescents to have lower peer attachment than adolescents who are not involved in cybervictimization (Kamble, 2015; Burton, Florell, & Wygant, 2012). There is little to no research regarding cultural values with cybervictimization and depression among adolescents. To address the gap in research, this study aims to analyze the role of culture and peer attachment with levels of cybervictimization and depression among adolescents in India and the United States.

The Female Athlete Triad consists of 3 disorders that do not necessarily have to happen in a specific order. The 3 disorders that form the Female Athlete Triad are amenorrhea, eating disorder (which coincides with low energy levels), and/or bone mineral density (osteoporosis). An athlete will most likely experience these disorders in a “slippery slope” metaphor, if you will, which we will dive deeper into later in this paper.

Fan viewership was examined after the legalization of sports wagering. The methods of placing bets were analyzed as well as the in person and broadcasting viewership of NCAA competitions. Fan broadcast and in person viewership has increased since the legalization of sports wagering. The world of sports betting has adapted to new technology to better enhance the user's accessibility. Mobile apps have become the preferred method of sports bettors, due to the capabilities and ease of access the apps provide. Broadcasting networks have played a large role in increasing the appeal of sports betting, through advertisements and deals being offered. The changes that have been made since the legalization of sports wagering have increased the fan interaction levels of NCAA competitions. The projected trajectory of sports betting participants implies an escalation in fan interaction among the collegiate level.

Incarceration does not just affect the convicted person, it has far-reaching consequences for their families, communities, and society as a whole. This research paper provides a closer insight at the wide-ranging impacts of incarceration. Reviewing interviews, data analysis, and long-term studies provides a clear perspective of how damaging incarceration can be to the incarcerated, their families, friends, and community. The findings show that prison takes a significant toll on someone's mental health, both during their time inside and even after they are released. Yet prisons severely lack adequate mental health support, which is desperately needed. The research also reveals that incarceration creates major financial, social, and long-lasting problems for the families left behind. It causes emotional and money struggles, disrupts relationships, and especially harms the well-being of children. Children with an incarcerated parent face increased risks to their physical and mental health, higher chances of behavioral issues, and are more likely to get involved in crime and end up imprisoned themselves - continuing the vicious cycle. Looking at whole communities, the data shows that high imprisonment rates stifle business growth, job opportunities, and economic mobility in those neighborhoods. Once released, individuals who were incarcerated often cannot access quality income sources/work or housing and lack support systems, making them likely to reoffend and continue the cycle. While more research is still needed in some areas, the evidence clearly shows that incarceration deeply weakens families, communities, and society overall. This reality urgently calls for collaborative efforts of all stakeholders, in and outside the criminal justice system, to come together and pursue reforms prioritizing rehabilitation, support services, and human dignity over punishment that perpetuates marginalization.

This thesis presents a comprehensive hotel booking system designed and implemented to showcase the transition "From Bits to Beds". There are two main motivations behind this project: firstly, to provide users with a user-friendly and efficient platform for booking accommodations. Secondly, it serves as a great learning opportunity, providing hands-on practice with coding, collaboration with teammates, and exposure to real-world challenges. The system utilizes technologies such as JavaScript, Express.js, and HTML/CSS to offer features like browsing hotels, filtering options, user authentication, and booking management. The implementation of this project demonstrates a successful integration of backend and frontend components, ensuring reliability and scalability. This project provides awareness of the transformative potential of digital solutions in revolutionizing the hospitality industry by streamlining the booking process and enhancing customer service experiences. As we explore the design choices, technical considerations, and future directions of this project, readers can discover where creativity meets inspiration, opening up a digital world full of endless possibilities.

The purpose of this literature review is to compare the viability of inositol versus metformin for the treatment of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). The research outlines the criteria for diagnosis and the many symptoms associated with the condition. The aim is to discover if inositol should be recommended for PCOS symptoms as a replacement for metformin. It was found that safety and popularity of the two options were important factors for physicians and patients to consider before choosing a treatment. Within these scopes, adverse effects, costs, regulation, and belief of treatment were compared. Findings indicated that inositol supplementation may possibly be an alternative to the prescription medication, as there were many similarities within these scopes such as GI disturbances. However, differences between the two were apparent such as the policies governing the substances’ regulations and the belief between prescription medication versus dietary supplementation. Additionally, ethical considerations for clinical research included debates on the inclusion of minors and pregnant women for which there were no conclusive solutions.